The final battle of the War of 1812 was fought in defense of New Orleans Colonel Andrew Jackson led a coalition of pirates, formerly enslaved African Americans and Tennessee Volunteers to defeat a British force outside the city. In 1803 Louisiana reverted to the French, who sold it to the United States 20 days later in the Louisiana Purchase. The city was ravaged by fires in 17 and rebuilt in brick with buildings and a cathedral that still stand today. For 40 years New Orleans was a Spanish city, trading heavily with Cuba and Mexico and adopting the Spanish racial rules that allowed for a class of free people of color. In 17 France signed treaties ceding Louisiana to Spain. New Orleans Under Spanish Rule and the Louisiana Purchase The oldest krewes (social clubs) that host New Orleans’ many Mardi Gras parades and balls were formed before 1860. The same year a hurricane destroyed most of the new city, which was rebuilt in the grid pattern of today’s French Quarter.ĭid you know? New Orleans’ Carnival traditions have centuries-old roots in French and Spanish Catholicism, as well as African and Native American traditions. In 1722 he transferred Louisiana’s capital from Biloxi. The expeditions of De Soto (1542) and La Salle (1682) passed through the area, but there were few permanent white settlers before 1718, when the governor of French Louisiana, Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville, founded the city of Nouvelle-Orléans on the first crescent of high ground above the Mississippi’s mouth. The first known residents of the New Orleans area were the Native Americans of the Woodland and Mississippian cultures.
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